Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders Essay - 3212 Words

Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders The possible relationship between sexual abuse and the development of an eating disorder has gained attention over the last few years. Researchers have attempted to clarify this potential link using a variety of population samples and research methodologies. As will be shown, the results of these investigations are rather diverse and sometimes inconclusive. In the following review of the literature, the complex relationship between sexual abuse and eating disorders will be examined while also discussing the methodological limitations of the various designs. Anorexic Samples Steiger and Zanko (1990) compared rates of incestuous abuses (sexual contacts with family members) and extrafamilial abuses†¦show more content†¦To compare rates of sexual traumata among eating disordered women to those among women with other psychiatric disturbances (eating disorders excluded), a group of 21 women in hospital inpatient or outpatient treatments was formed, all within the age range of the eating disordered subjects who were not actively psychotic or heavily medicated. A normal control group contained 24 women consisting of hospital staff, parents, friends, and students comparable in age to the eating disordered subjects. The Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ, Bond, Gardner, Christian, Sigal, 1983; Bond Vaillant, 1986) was used to assess defense styles. In order to study sexual traumata, the authors used a self-report questionnaire on which subjects indicated the following about sexual traumata during their childhood and adolescence: (1) the perpetrator; (2) the victim; (3) the nature of the abuse; (4) the frequency of the abuse; and (5) their age when the abuse occurred. Also, to determine the presence of eating disorders among the control subjects, the authors chose to use the Eating Attitudes Test (Garner Garfinkel, 1979). The authors noted that 30% of the eating disordered women reported sexual traumata; however, such traumata was prevalent among bulimics (particularly those with no anorexic history), but was rare among anorexic restricters. Furthermore, subjects showing mixed anorexic and bulimic symptoms, showed prevalence of sexualShow MoreRelatedEssay on Childhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders1579 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders Recently, a great amount of psychological literature has focused on finding biological and genetic causes of mental illnesses and disorders, including eating disorders. However, according to recent twin studies, the heritability component of eating disorders may only account for 0% to 70% of the variance (Fairburn, Cowen, Harrison, 1999). The leaves an ample amount of room for speculation of possible environmental risk factors for eating disordersRead More Childhood Sexual Abuse Impacting the Etiology of Eating Disorders1990 Words   |  8 PagesChildhood Sexual Abuse Impacting the Etiology of Eating Disorders Todays literature estimates that as many as 1 in 3 females and 1 in 7 boys have been the victim of sexual abuse. There are about 2,000 to 3,000 new cases of incest each year in each major city in the United States. It is reported by the National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse that in 1993, 2.9 million children were reported to protective services because they were being abused, neglected, or both (Schwartz). 16%Read MoreRelationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse And Eating Disorder Symptoms1635 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorder Symptoms Mallory Holt PSYC 401 Introduction Some studies have shown a correlation between physical, sexual and/or emotional abuse and eating disorders, but there appears to be no casual link. (Tripp, 2001). Between 30 to 50% of adult women report an unwanted sexual experience in either childhood or adulthood. This paper explores the connection between sexual abuse, specificity during childhood, and eating disorders. 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Anorexia nervosa is when someone see’s themselves as an overweight person, so they watch what they eat since, they have a fear of becoming overweightRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa974 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders, are a sickness that can come from psychological issues and it can disrupt the everyday diet. â€Å"A person with an eating disorder may have started out just eating smaller or larger amounts of food, but at some point, the urge to eat less or more spiraled out of control† (â€Å"Eating Disorder,† n.d.). The common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is when someone see’s themselves as an overweight person, so they watch what they eat since, they haveRead MoreSex, Drugs, And Pressure1065 Words   |  5 Pageslinked together somehow. Drugs and alcohol can lead to sex and the other way around. Sex and pressure are very connected. Sexual assault can take place in a number of different instances and can happen to many different people. Sexual assault however, is far more likely to take place when alcohol abuse is involved. Alcohol reduces a person’s inhibitions, making things such as sexual assault seem acceptable. Even those who normally would not force sex on a woman or man may do so when under the influenceRead MoreSexual and Gender Identity, Personality, and Eating Disorders, classifications, components, and define DSM IV-TR of these disorders pluse Case Analysis1730 Words   |  7 PagesSexual and Gender Identity, Personality, and Eating Disorders Case Analysis Introduction Abnormal disorders diagnosed in the DSM-IV-TR, a multi-axial diagnostic tool, used by clinicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, and medical professionals for the classification of mental disorders (Hansell Damour, 2008). Axis I and Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR covers classifications of mental disorders that include unwelcome types of distress and impairment, that constitutes mentalRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1227 Words   |  5 Pagesof child abuse are made involving more than 6 million children. The United States has one of the worst records of child abuse losing 4-7 children a day to the abuse. Abuse is when any behavior or action that is used to scare, harm, threaten, control or intimidate another person. Child abuse is a behavior outside the norms of conduct and entails substantial risk of causing physical or emotional harm. There are four main types of child abuse; physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect

Frederick Funston and Empire Essay - 1706 Words

Frederick Funston and Empire In San Francisco between 12th and 14th Avenue is Funston Street. By the Presidio, the former US Army base, is an old set of military structures collectively called Fort Funston. To most people these are just names to identify various locations in the city. But behind the name is a person who is a historical figure that is significant, not just for San Francisco, but for the United States of America and the Republic of the Philippines. Frederick Funston was to many a hero of his times but to others he was also a symbol of his times and not a good one. 1898 saw the United States change from a nation taming a wild frontier to a nation building an empire. The Spanish-American war†¦show more content†¦In May Admiral Dewey and his task force sailed into Manila Bay and destroyed the Spanish naval force based there. On the way to Manila Dewey picks up exiled Philippine leader Emilio Aguinaldo. With the help of local Philippine insurgents the Philippine capital, Manila, falls to Admiral Dewey. War ends on August 12th with signing of peace treaty. With the end of the war many people thought that the Philippines would be given its independence, such as Cuba. But in December 12, 1898 President McKinley released the â€Å"Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation†. Part of it stated: With the signature of the treaty of peace between the United States and Spain by their respective plenipotentiaries at Paris on the 10th instant, and as a result of the victories of American arms, the future control, disposition, and government of the Philippine Islands are ceded to the United States. In the fulfillment of the rights of sovereignty thus acquired and the responsible obligations of government thus assumed, the actual occupation and administration of the entire group of the Philippine Islands becomes immediately necessary, and the military government heretofore maintained by the united states in the city, harbor, and bay of Manila is to be extended with all possible dispatch to the whole of the ceded territory. Armed conf lict broke out among the US troops andShow MoreRelatedThe Buffalo Soldier And The Philippine American War Essay2179 Words   |  9 Pageswere denouncing the ideas of sending â€Å"black† Soldiers in the Pacific and the Philippines. Rather, they supported the idea of Philippine independence and they felt that the United States was wrong in the development or the beginning of the colonial empire. Meanwhile, according to Boehringer (2008), one of the reasons why the African American Soldiers joined and remained loyal to the U.S. Army was because they were expecting changes on the treatment to the â€Å"colored† Americans back in the countryRead MoreWoodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points1714 Words   |  7 Pagesfor Europe, particularly for countries under enemy occupation during the First World War or for subject people in the Ottoman, German and Hapsburg Empires. None of these survived the war, and the Poles, Czechs and other Europeans did gain national homelands, although this was not the case for the non-white subject peoples of the British and French Empires. Nor did it even hold true for the nations of Latin America and the Caribbean, where Wilson intervened during World War I. Indeed, Haiti was occupiedRead MorePhilippine History2949 Words   |  12 Pagesfrom 1600 to 1663 was marked by continual wars with the Dutch, who were laying the foundations of their rich empir e in the East Indies, and with Moro pirates. One of the most difficult problems the Spanish faced was the subjugation of the Moros. Intermittent campaigns were conducted against them but without conclusive results until the middle of the 19th cent. As the power of the Spanish Empire waned, the Jesuit orders became more influential in the Philippines and acquired great amounts of property

Crash Course World History free essay sample

In this lecture I leaned about the Atlantic slave trade. Specifically how brutal the conditions on the sugar plantations slaves had to work on in Brazil were. They worked long and tedious hours. Almost 14 hours a day filled with back breaking labor. Since the labor was difficult, many slaves died at a young age thus slaves being imported to the Americas increased. Where did the idea of slavery come from? Slavery in the Atlantic was a combination of ideas past empires in Eurasia believed in. The idea of slavery .NET all the way back to the Romans when they believed that certain races were meant to serve others and gradually over time, prisoners of war became slaves. More specifically the prisoners of war in Africa got traded to the Europeans and sold to plantation owners in the Americas. This lecture can be related to bullying and the way bullying, like slavery, is morally wrong and that it makes people who are on the receiving end seem as though they are less than human. We will write a custom essay sample on Crash Course World History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What bullying and slavery does is inhumanness the person or race that the act is done upon. They are treated as though they are dirt. In no way is this ever going to be right and it has to be put to an end. Slavery has reached the end of its course, but when will bullying? Bullying will never never be right. People should do more to put an end to the increased bullying. Whether it is cyber bullying or physically in person, people should realize that is it not right to make people feel as though they have a lower status than any other person.

Young Good Man Brown Essays - Abrahamic Mythology, Satan

Young Good Man Brown "Young Goodman Brown", by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a story that is rich in metaphors which ultimately question the very morals and ethics of his religious society. In "Young Goodman Brown," Goodman Brown is a proud Puritan who meets with the devil that causes him to become aware of the society he lives in. The story about Goodman Brown centers on a proud man who thinks that a meeting with the Devil can't alter his faith in religion. He also desires to find more about his inner domains, but eventually finds out how hypocritical his community is. The story's crux is based upon religious metaphors of Hawthorne's town of Salem during their religious conflict. The beginning of the story mentions the Goodman's wife, Faith who has a double meaning to her name. Goodman's name also should not be overlooked because it is a double-edged sword as well. Hawthorne plays with Faith's name in that it symbolizes religious faith. Faith- Goodman's wife- is seen as a pious woman who like Goodman, is deep into her religious beliefs. She is innocent like her religion. To indicate Faith's innocence, Hawthorne gave her pink ribbons to wear. These ribbons are important, because they expose Faith's character. Pink is seen as a pleasant color that promotes no tension. Pink is not as violent as red, or gloomy as black. In addition, there is "Goodman." His name represents what his society thought of him. He was a religious good person, who came from a long linage of prominent Puritans. "Young Goodman Brown" begins when Faith, Brown's wife, pleads with him not to go on his "errand." Goodman Brown says to his "love and my Faith" (passage 5) that "this one night I must tarry away from thee" (passage 5). When he says his "love" and his "Faith," he is talking to his wife, but he is also talking to his "faith" in God. He is venturing into the woods to meet with the Devil, and by doing so; he leaves his unquestionable faith in God with his wife. He resolves that he will "cling to her skirts and follow her to Heaven" (passage 5). This is an example of his excessive pride. He feels that he can meet with the Devil because of the promise that he made to himself. There is tremendous irony to this promise because when Goodman Brown comes back at dawn; he can no longer look at his wife with the same faith he had in her before. Throughout literature, authors continue to use metaphors like darkness, sunsets, colors, paths, and nature to help illustrate their hidden thoughts. This tool is supposed to give the reader the feeling of something evil, or negative commencing. Goodman's errand sends him off into the wild forest during the sunset where he is walking on a narrow dark path that is easy to lose. The forest is a place where there are no rules to life, and a place where nature can turn against civilized humans. When Goodman Brown finally meets with the Devil, he declares that his reason for being late was because "Faith kept me back awhile" (passage 10). This statement has a double meaning because his wife physically prevented him from being on time for his meeting with the devil, but his faith to God psychologically delayed his meeting with the devil. The Devil had with him a staff that "bore the likeness of a great black snake" (passage 10). The staff is a reference to the snake in the story of Adam and Eve. The snake led Adam and Eve to their destruction by leading them to the Tree of Knowledge. The Adam and Eve story is similar to Goodman Brown in that they are both seeking immeasurable amounts of knowledge. Once Adam and Eve ate from the Tree of Knowledge, they were exiled from paradise. The Devil's staff eventually leads Goodman Brown to the Devil's ceremony, which destroys Goodman Brown's faith in his fellow man, therefore expelling him from his utopia. Goodman Brown almost immediately declares that he kept his meeting with the Devil and no longer wishes to continue on his errand with the Devil. He says that he comes from a "race of honest men and good Christians" and that his father had never gone on this errand and nor will he. Conversely, the Devil is quick to point out that he was with his father and grandfather when they were whipping a woman or burning an Indian village. These acts are ironic in